胆维丁乳对酵母多糖所致多器官功能障碍综合征小鼠肾脏作用的研究

目的研究胆维丁乳对酵母多糖所致多器官功能障碍综合征小鼠肾脏的作用。方法选取C57BL/6源性的野生小鼠36只,随机分为对照组、胆维丁乳组、酵母多糖组、胆维丁乳+酵母多糖组,每组9只,室温饲养,按组别分别自由饮水或添加胆维丁乳喂养14 d。2周后,酵母多糖组、胆维丁乳+酵母多糖组腹腔注射酵母多糖混悬液,对照组、胆维丁乳组腹腔注射等量0.9%氯化钠溶液,18 h后处死各组小鼠,分别进行HE染色,观察肾脏组织病变情况;Western blot技术检测炎症因子蛋白表达;用TRizol法按照试剂说明书提取总RNA,用反转录试剂盒将RNA反转录成c DNA;采用SPSS 16.0进行统计学处理。结果胆维丁乳+酵母多糖组小鼠炎症因子IL-6、IL-18蛋白及mRNA的表达、尿素及肌酐水平高于酵母多糖组(P<0.05),且肾脏组织病理学改变较严重。结论对于正常生长的小鼠,给予胆维丁乳不会加重小鼠的肾脏负担;对于已经发生急性肾损伤的小鼠,胆维丁乳的摄入会加重肾脏损伤。     

One Week of Hospitalization Following Elective Hip Surgery Induces Substantial Muscle Atrophy in Older Patients

Objectives

Short successive periods of skeletal muscle disuse have been suggested to substantially contribute to the observed loss of skeletal muscle mass over the life span. Hospitalization of older individuals due to acute illness, injury, or major surgery generally results in a mean hospital stay of 5 to 7 days, during which the level of physical activity is strongly reduced. We hypothesized that hospitalization following elective total hip arthroplasty is accompanied by substantial leg muscle atrophy in older men and women.

临床护理路径在腹腔镜下全子宫切除术中的运用

目的探讨临床护理路径在腹腔镜下全子宫切除术中的运用效果。方法将60例在腹腔镜下全子宫切除术的患者按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各30例。其中对照组给予常规护理,观察组按临床护理路径实施护理,比较两组患者术后排气时间、下床时间、住院时间、护理缺陷发生率以及患者满意度。结果观察组患者术后下床时间、排气时间及住院时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者的护理缺陷发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者的护理满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论临床护理路径有助于护理操作的流程化和规范化,提高工作效率,缩短患者住院时间,降低护理缺陷发生率,提高患者满意度。     

Effect of sinapic acid on aripiprazole pharmacokinetics in rats: Possible food drug interaction

Dietary supplements and foods can interact with various drugs, leading to possible clinical concerns. This study aimed to investigate the effect of orally administered sinapic acid (SA) on the pharmacokinetics of aripiprazole (APZ) in rats and its possible modulatory effects on hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP3A2 and CYP2D6) expression in the liver tissues. Single dose and multiple dose parallel groups of wistar rats were categorized into six groups (n = 6 each) which abstained from food for 12 h prior to the experiment, while water was allowed ad libitum. The investigation was carried out for single dose: Group I was treated with normal saline orally for 15 days (normal control). Group II was administered normal saline orally for 15 days and received APZ (3 mg/kg p.o.) on day 15. Group III received SA (20 mg/kg p.o.) for 15 days and received APZ (3 mg/kg p.o.) on day 15. Group IV was treated with SA (20 mg/kg p.o.) for 15 days. For the multiple dose study, Group I was treated with normal saline orally for 15 days (normal control); Group II received APZ (3 mg/kg p.o.) daily for 15 days; Group III was administered with SA (20 mg/kg p.o.) and APZ (3 mg/kg p.o.) for 15 days and Group IV received SA (20 mg/kg p.o.) for 15 days. The group I and IV were kept common in single and multiple dose groups. After last APZ dose, plasma samples were collected and APZ concentrations were determined using an UPLC-MS/MS technique. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a non-compartmental analysis. The concomitant administration of APZ with SA (as single or multiple dose) resulted in an increase in APZ absorption and a decrease on its systemic clearance. This was associated with a reduction in CYP3A2 and CYP2D6 protein expressions by 33–43% and -71–68% after the single and multiple co-administration, which are two enzymes responsible of the metabolism of APZ. Therefore, a reduction in the metabolic clearance appears to be the mechanism underlying the drug interaction of dietary supplement containing SA with APZ. Therefore, the concomitant administration of SA and APZ should be carefully viewed. Further investigations are required to assess the clinical significance of such observations in humans.     

从TaTME发展看直肠癌微创外科治疗进步

随着科学技术的进步和对疾病本身认识的深入，直肠癌的外科治疗从局部切除到全直肠系膜切除（TME），从开放手术到腹腔镜手术，再从腹腔镜手术到机器人手术，目前已经进入微创时代。在此时代背景下，经肛门全直肠系膜切除（TaTME） 应运而生。正如TME的提出者Heald所言：“TaTME是近30年直肠癌外科治疗技术的集大成者”，其发展的每一个阶段都有很强的代表性，已成为直肠癌微创外科治疗技术进步发展的一个缩影。     

Late outcomes of strategic arch resection in acute type A aortic dissection

Objective

To compare perioperative and long-term outcomes in patients undergoing hemiarch and aggressive arch replacement for acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD).

经典名方物质基准研制的关键技术分析

中药经典名方开发已成为当下中医药界研究的热点之一,而其中经典名方物质基准的成功研制对于整个中药经典名方的申报极为关键。经典名方物质基准既是检测经典名方制剂质量的基准,同时又需反映整方的物质基础。中药成分众多而复杂,单成分的、化药式的研发与质量控制模式难以适用于整体药用的中药制剂的开发,亟需开辟一条中药专属的研发模式。以目前已有的现代科学技术,笔者建议将中药的遗传多态性、提取动力学、指纹图谱总量统计矩(相似度)法、超分子"印迹模板"等结合应用于经典名方物质基准的研制,探讨中药经典名方物质基准的质量控制技术,以期全面、准确地阐明药材-饮片-物质基准的成分群量值的传递规律,为推进中药经典名方的研制进程提供参考。